Researchers at Stanford develop new tool to measure biological age
A team of researchers at Stanford University, led by Professor Tony Wyss-Coray, has introduced an innovative tool capable of determining the “biological age” of human organs using just a single blood sample. This breakthrough, featured in Nature Medicine, has been a focus of Wyss-Coray’s nearly 15-year dedication to aging research. He believes this tool has the potential to revolutionize health care by transitioning from a focus on treating illness to maintaining health and enabling individuals to proactively manage their well-being.
D’OXYVA® has shown remarkable short-, and long-term benefits for reducing the “biological age” of organs in multiple groundbreaking human studies via powerful regenerative effects. It is thought to achieve these exceptional outcomes by engaging the Autonomic Nervous System via neurotransmitter molecules delivered over the skin. Results collected with various diagnostic tools of D’OXYVA’s performance were compared with a database of healthy and unhealthy profiles. The study results are being published in leading medical journals in the near future.
Years of extensive clinical research programs conducted by world-renowned medical scientists with D’OXYVA with FDA-approved diagnostic tools have been focusing on its extraordinary regenerative effects on several critical functions inside the body, especially in the tiniest vessels (capillary) of the Microcirculatory System. This system that webs the entire body and organ is exclusively responsible for nutrient delivery and waste removal from the blood.
The autonomic nervous system is widely understood by the medical community to govern all subconscious functions inside the body, including heart rate, blood pressure, blood circulation, blood sugar, tissue perfusion, secretion, and sexual organ function.
Exceptionally successful pivotal clinical trials with D’OXYVA’s FDA-approved version are significantly expanding to eighteen of the twenty top-ranked U.S. medical universities for establishing it as a universal treatment for various widespread chronic conditions. Currently, D’OXYVA’s products are available for test-marketing purposes at promotional prices and without the need for a prescription exclusively at doxyva.com and amazon.com.
Understanding the Benefits: Why D’OXYVA is a Game-Changer for Preventative Health
Recently highlighted by the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, prevention is still the best medicine. In today’s healthcare landscape, the shift is towards preventing rather than merely treating diseases. Preventative health treatments not only increase longevity but also improve overall quality of life.(1)
D’OXYVA®, with its groundbreaking technology, plays a crucial role in this transformative approach. By enhancing microcirculation, it not only supports the body’s own healing processes but also increases longevity and improves quality of life. D’OXYVA is leading the charge in preventive health, making it an essential tool for boosting overall well-being in a non-invasive manner. In this article we will highlight the benefits of D’OXYVA and the connection it has with preventative health. Let’s dive right in…
An Overview of Preventative Health
Put simply by Healthline, preventative health is essential for staying healthy and discovering health problems early on, before they develop additional problems or become more difficult to treat. This proactive approach includes lifestyle changes like balanced diets, regular physical activity, and stress management. It also involves regular health exams and immunizations, which aid in the early detection and prevention of potential health disorders.
Individuals who prioritize preventative measures can greatly reduce their risk of developing chronic diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and cancer, resulting in longer, healthier lives and a lower overall burden on healthcare systems. In all, embracing preventative health is critical for long-term well-being and ensuring the best quality of life possible.(2)
What is D’OXYVA?
Now you may be asking, “How does D’OXYVA fit into preventative healthcare? And what is it?” D’OXYVA is an innovative medical device intended to promote overall wellbeing by markedly enhancing microcirculation throughout the body. This advanced technology employs a non-invasive, transdermal delivery method that distributes vaporized medical-grade carbon dioxide (CO2) straight through the skin. D’OXYVA utilizes the body’s inherent reactions to CO2 to augment blood circulation, especially in the capillaries, improving the transport of oxygen and nutrients and accelerating the elimination of waste products.(3)
The device is small and user-friendly, rendering it accessible to the general public, not solely to medical professionals. It functions by applying a minimal quantity onto the skin, where it effortlessly emits CO2. The application technique is both safe and repeatable without risks, making D’OXYVA an optimal choice for long-term preventative health.
The Science Behind D’OXYVA
The efficacy of D’OXYVA is based on its fundamental science, which is grounded in the body’s physiological reaction to CO2. The transdermal delivery of CO2 induces a phenomenon referred to as the Bohr Effect. This scientific principle elucidates how elevated CO2 concentrations in the blood diminish hemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen, facilitating more oxygen release into tissues. This is essential for regions of the body undergoing diminished oxygenation, which may result in discomfort, delayed healing, and other issues linked to inadequate circulation.
The vasodilation effect caused by transdermal CO2 delivery is another key aspect of D’OXYVA’s mechanism. Vasodilation, the expansion of blood vessels, transpires practically instantaneously following the application of CO2. This response enhances blood circulation especially to the capillaries, enhancing the transport of oxygen and nutrients at the cellular level while aiding in the elimination of metabolic waste. This improved microcirculation facilitates the body’s innate healing mechanisms and markedly enhances health results.
Overall, the scientific principles underlying D’OXYVA establish a robust basis for its application as both a preventive health strategy and a therapeutic intervention. D’OXYVA enhances microcirculation, targeting the fundamental problems linked to various health diseases, hence facilitating the body’s natural healing processes and optimal functionality.
This non-invasive healthcare method signifies a substantial advancement in medical technology, providing a safe, effective, and accessible means for improving quality of life and quickly addressing health issues.
Core Benefits of D’OXYVA for Preventative Health
D’OXYVA provides numerous preventative health benefits, making it an excellent choice for anyone looking to improve their general well-being proactively. D’OXYVA ultimately improves microcirculation, ensuring that every cell in the body receives adequate levels of oxygen and nutrients, which are essential for cellular health and disease prevention.(4)
One of the primary benefits of D’OXYVA is its ability to improve wound healing. This is especially useful for people with chronic diseases like diabetes, where slow-healing wounds can pose serious health hazards.
Furthermore, D’OXYVA also stimulates the immune system. Improved blood flow allows immune cells to travel more efficiently throughout the body, improving their ability to fight infections and recover faster from diseases. This is especially crucial for sustaining health and minimizing the effects of seasonal illnesses.
Lastly, D’OXYVA helps to manage stress and exhaustion. Better circulation enhances biological functioning, resulting in more energy and a better ability to handle physical and mental stress. This overall boost in vitality is key for leading an active and healthy lifestyle, which is critical for long-term health and wellness.
Importance of Chronic Disease Management
Chronic conditions are the predominant concern in healthcare across much of the world, including the United States. Effective management of these conditions is primarily the responsibility of the patient and is crucial for controlling their impact. According to studies from sources such as the NCBI, the success of managing a chronic disease is significantly influenced by a variety of aspects in a person’s social and physical settings, which can either assist or impede their management efforts.
Interventions aimed at improving self-management by patients have been shown to result in positive outcomes long-term. These include better condition monitoring, fewer symptoms, enhanced physical and psychological functioning, and reduced use of healthcare services.(5)
How Does D’OXYVA Compare to Traditional Treatments?
Traditional and alternative medicine encompasses a variety of treatment approaches including acupuncture, chiropractic, herbal medicine, and yoga, which often integrate physical, nutritional, and mental strategies to enhance overall health.(6)
D’OXYVA primarily stands out by taking a new approach to promoting health through microcirculation rather than simply treating symptoms. Traditional medical treatments frequently rely on medicines, which can have a variety of negative effects and are typically used to manage symptoms rather than address underlying problems.
In contrast, D’OXYVA uses a non-invasive way to efficiently improve the body’s microcirculation. This not only helps with symptom management but also addresses the underlying issues at the cellular level by boosting blood flow and oxygen distribution throughout the body. This holistic approach has the potential to result in more long-term health improvements with fewer adverse effects than traditional techniques, which may include intrusive operations or long-term pharmaceutical dependence.
Furthermore, D’OXYVA provides a preventative component that many standard therapies lack. D’OXYVA helps to avoid concerns before they occur by increasing general vascular health and enhancing the body’s natural healing processes, especially in chronic illnesses like diabetes, where enhanced circulation can prevent severe results such as amputations.
Furthermore, the cost-effectiveness of D’OXYVA makes it an appealing option as well. Traditional therapies can be costly, particularly when considering long-term medication, operations, and hospital stays. D’OXYVA offers a cost-effective alternative that can lower total healthcare costs by promoting long-term health and decreasing the need for more radical procedures down the line.
Looking Ahead: The Future of Preventative Health with D’OXYVA
As we embrace the shift towards preventative healthcare, highlighted in the article “Proactive Health: The Shift Towards Preventative Healthcare” from News Medical, the future of preventative health is bright, underscored by estimates that nearly 80% of chronic medical conditions could be prevented through healthy lifestyle behaviors. Approximately 63% of deaths from chronic diseases are linked to unhealthy lifestyle choices, making lifestyle medicine a critical focus within clinical preventive medicine.(7)
It’s clear that D’OXYVA stands out in the industry. This innovative solution is revolutionizing our approach to health maintenance and disease prevention, aligning perfectly with current healthcare trends. D’OXYVA’s role is set to expand significantly as the healthcare industry continues to evolve towards more proactive and patient-centered models.
Its demonstrated effectiveness in improving microcirculation makes it an essential component of novel health treatments. Ongoing study also highlights its position, revealing benefits such as faster wound healing, better cognitive function, and a lower incidence of chronic illnesses. Furthermore, D’OXYVA’s non-invasive, cost-effective method is particularly appealing given the growing demand for long-term health solutions and an aging population. It promises to increase longevity and improve quality of life, opening the path for a future in which living longer implies living healthier. Adding D’OXYVA into daily health practices represents a tremendous improvement in our ability to successfully treat and avoid chronic illnesses, ushering in a new era of health and wellbeing.
Experience the Transformative Benefits of D’OXYVA for Preventative Health
Learn how D’OXYVA, the advanced non-invasive solution that is transforming preventative healthcare, can improve your health for the better. Reduce the need for expensive treatments and embrace a proven technique that enhances your general well-being, speeds up healing, and boosts your body’s natural defenses. Want to learn more? Visit our website at doxyva.com and start using D’OXYVA to live a healthier, more energetic life– Your future self will appreciate it.
References:
Prevention Is Still The Best Medicine. Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Referenced from: https://odphp.health.gov/
D’OXYVA for Seniors: Promoting Healthy Aging and Enhanced Mobility
Are you feeling overwhelmed by the emotional, physical, and financial tolls of aging? Many seniors find that traditional care options, despite their high costs, do little to alleviate the complex challenges faced in later life.
For that reason, in this blog we will explore the intricate issues that seniors endure and discuss why conventional approaches often fall short. We’ll also consider how innovative solutions such as D’OXYVA® can offer significant relief, supporting a more manageable and fulfilling aging process.
Medical Background on Healthy Aging and Enhanced Mobility for Seniors
Many Nobel laureates have dedicated their careers to unraveling the complexities of aging and health. Among them, Dr. Eric Kandel, a distinguished Nobel laureate and memory expert, provides insightful contributions through his research on aging in seniors.
In one notable study called ‘Successful Aging’, he analyzes the cognitive abilities of 100 seniors, revealing that 40 maintain a sharp memory similar to their younger selves, while the remainder exhibit varying levels of cognitive decline. Kandel’s groundbreaking work at Columbia University effectively bridges the fields of psychiatry and neuroscience. This research underscores the critical importance of promoting healthy aging and maintaining mobility among seniors. (1)
On the flip side of cognitive abilities is the issue of mobility for seniors. Research from the National Library of Medicine indicates that while physical activity helps preserve muscle blood flow in seniors, aging can delay recovery, heightening the risk of cardiovascular diseases. (2)
This might lead you to ask, “How exactly does enhanced circulation contribute to mitigating these risks?” Every element of our health, particularly our mobility and general energy, gets a little more challenging as we get older. That being said, D’OXYVA is a non-invasive circulatory health solution that is transforming senior care by improving mobility and encouraging aging in a healthy way.
One of the main focuses of the technology developed by Circularity Healthcare is microcirculation, which is the vital blood flow to the tiniest blood vessels in our bodies. This entails tackling age-related issues head-on for elders, such as diminished mobility, slow healing, and decreased vitality. D’OXYVA promotes the body’s ability to heal itself more quickly by increasing blood flow and beneficial nerve activities, that promotes essential nutrient and oxygen delivery throughout the body effectively to achieve homeostasis.
For seniors aiming to preserve their independence and quality of life at an affordable cost, this clinically-tested long-term solution offers significant hope. It enables you to tackle the challenges of aging, like playing with grandchildren or walking in the park, without being hindered by physical limitations.
What is D’OXYVA?
To put it simply, D’OXYVA in its current form is an innovative handheld device that greatly enhances microcirculation by creating a non-invasive and painless method of utilizing purified transdermal carbon dioxide (CO2) in its purest molecular form. This state-of-the-art approach has been carefully optimized to significantly improve blood circulation, especially to the small capillaries, promoting efficient delivery of essential nutrients and oxygen to all areas of the body. (3)
The process entails a straightforward and rapid application utilizing a specialized device that delivers supersaturated carbon dioxide by direct absorption over the skin. The technology developed by Circularity is supported by a substantial body of clinical research over a decade and is extensively utilized in several health applications by medical doctors. From expediting the process of wound healing and diminishing inflammation to augmenting athletic performance and promoting skin health, D’OXYVA provides a multifaceted real solution for anyone seeking to significantly enhance their general health.
For seniors especially, this creative approach to health maintenance and rehabilitation provides a helpful answer for individuals trying to keep mobility and independence as they age. It offers a useful approach to improve physical capacity and well-being, thereby enabling seniors to manage the normal aging difficulties and yet have an active, full life.
How is D’OXYVA Beneficial for Seniors?
As mentioned above, maintaining optimal health can pose challenges for seniors, especially in areas like mobility and injury recovery. D’OXYVA offers significant benefits, proven by various clinical studies and ongoing pivotal clinical research at 18 of the 20 top-ranked U.S. universities, including most Ivy League colleges. This technology not only enhances mobility and accelerates recovery but does so affordably, making advanced health solutions accessible to seniors striving to preserve their independence and quality of life.
That said, one of the many benefits of D’OXYVA include improved circulation. Seniors often experience poor circulation that can be caused by constricted blood arteries, plaque accumulation, or blood clots. When this happens your body finds it challenging to distribute blood to every area of your body efficiently when there are impediments or narrow pathways. (4)
By improving microcirculation, which is crucial for fostering general well-being in elderly individuals, D’OXYVA quickly provides effective outcomes. By enhancing the supply of nutrients and oxygen to tissues, this technique supports vital physiological functions that are prone to deterioration with age.
Better treatment of peripheral artery disease symptoms, accelerated wound healing, and less discomfort from conditions like arthritis can all result from increased circulation. Furthermore, D’OXYVA could improve mood and cognitive performance by increasing blood flow to the brain, which may lessen the impact of diseases like depression and dementia that are common in the elderly. Overall, D’OXYVA is therefore a priceless resource for seniors attempting to preserve their freedom and standard of living.
The Advantages of D’OXYVA for Healthy Aging
D’OXYVA provides numerous benefits for healthy aging in seniors, with its impact on diabetic health being particularly notable. Highlighted in an online blog titled “Captured Carbon Dioxide Transforms the Lives of Diabetics,” D’OXYVA was shown to improve blood circulation, accelerating the healing of diabetic foot ulcers and alleviating chronic pain while still being environmentally responsible. (5)
While the case above highlights just one of the many benefits of this treatment, here are several other key advantages:
Enhanced Microcirculation: Promotes general health and vigor by increasing blood flow to the tiniest vessels, which guarantees that essential nutrients and oxygen reach every area of the body.
Faster Wound Healing: Helps injuries, such as cuts and bruises, heal more quickly. In elderly individuals, wounds typically heal more slowly.
Improved Skin Health: By boosting blood flow, this helps support stronger, healthier skin and lessen aging symptoms like wrinkles and dryness.
Decreased Chronic Pain: By enhancing blood flow and lowering inflammation, this solution reduces the risks of chronic disease states including neuropathy and arthritis and alleviates associated pain.
Enhanced Cognitive Function: Promotes improved blood flow to the brain, which may help with memory, concentration, and the prevention of cognitive decline.
Enhanced Physical Energy: By improving oxygen and nutrition delivery to muscles and tissues, it increases overall stamina and decreases fatigue.
Better Disease Management: Improves overall circulatory health, which helps control the symptoms of chronic conditions like diabetic foot. (6)
Mood Improvement: Promotes enhanced physiological function to lessen anxiety and depressive symptoms, which in turn improves mental health.
How Does D’OXYVA Help Enhance Mobility in Seniors?
Now that we’ve covered how it can help with healthy living and general quality of life, let’s now take a look at how it helps with enhancing mobility in seniors. To put it simply, D’OXYVA’s contribution to improving mobility in older adults is based on its powerful ability to greatly enhance microcirculation, the vital circulation of blood through the body’s smallest blood vessels. This improvement is essential for older individuals, as the process of aging often results in circulatory inefficiencies that can cause stiffness in joints and loss of muscle strength, both of which are major contributors to decreased mobility.
Through its ability to efficiently transport carbon dioxide (CO2) through the skin, D’OXYVA promotes vasodilation, which is the expansion of blood vessels. This technique not only enhances the circulation of blood but also promotes efficient delivery of oxygen and vital nutrients to the extremities and skeletal muscles. This is especially crucial for preserving muscular strength and joint flexibility, which are vital for daily tasks such as walking, going down stairs, and even assuming an upright movement from a seated posture.
Moreover, the enhanced circulation facilitates the rapid elimination of metabolic wastes such as lactic acid, which, if accumulated, can lead to soreness and tiredness. As a result, mobility issues and an impaired capacity to exercise can be lessened for the elderly, making it easier for them to manage their day-to-day life.
All that being said, consistent use of D’OXYVA can result in long-lasting advantages in terms of mobility. It promotes musculoskeletal well-being, mitigates the likelihood of falls, and generally enhances the overall quality of life, enabling older adults to preserve their autonomy and engage in physical activities as they continue to age.
An Overview: D’OXYVA for Seniors, Promoting Healthy Aging and Enhanced Mobility
In this article, we’ve covered how D’OXYVA for seniors serves as a groundbreaking approach that supports healthy aging and enhances mobility, offering a detailed analysis of its numerous benefits. D’OXYVA is well-known for improving microcirculation, allowing for the focused supply of necessary oxygen and nutrients to all anatomical regions, which plays an important part in the well-being of seniors.
In addition to this, the enhanced blood flow contributes to the mitigation of age-related physical deterioration, facilitates expedited recovery, and diminishes pain associated with chronic illnesses. Furthermore, it improves cognitive abilities and overall levels of vitality, thereby enabling seniors to sustain their independence and have the elevated standard of living that they deserve.
But don’t just take our word for it—D’OXYVA’s effectiveness is backed by numerous online studies. Recently, Clinical Research News featured Circularity Healthcare’s announcement of a nationwide at-home study for D’OXYVA. This unique microcirculatory and transdermal system, already validated in pivotal trials, aims to further confirm its safety and efficacy by enrolling U.S. participants with chronic conditions, ensuring optimal treatment effectiveness for individuals of all ages. (7)
Understanding a Key Biomarker and a Breakthrough Solution: MDA Levels
In the pursuit of maintaining optimal health, medical practitioners and scientists consistently search for physiological markers that might offer valuable information about our overall well-being. An example of such an indication is the measurement of MDA levels.
In this article, we will explore what MDA (Malondialdehyde) levels are as well as examine a recent clinical trial with a leading-edge, commercially available biotechnology to better understand the significance of MDA. We will also go over the functioning of modalities such as D’OXYVA (Deoxyhemoglobin Vasodilator), and how it compares to other treatments on the market. All that said, let’s get right into it…
What Are MDA Levels?
Malondialdehyde, or MDA for short, is a crucial sign that medical professionals use to assess a patient’s health. MDA occurs when an excessive amount of detrimental particles, referred to as free radicals, are present, but there is an insufficient quantity of beneficial particles, known as antioxidants, to counteract them. Consider it as an unbalanced seesaw that inflicts harm on our body’s cells and DNA. MDA has significant importance as it is frequently employed in the examination of health conditions like cancer, mental health disorders, respiratory ailments including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cardiovascular illnesses.
MDA levels ultimately serve as an indicator or warning sign, indicating the degree of oxidative stress in the body. Elevated levels of MDA extend beyond mere numerical values; they serve as a clear indication of underlying issues. These symptoms can present itself in several manifestations, including inflammation, accelerated aging, and chronic ailments such as cardiovascular illnesses, diabetes, and specific forms of cancer. In essence, increased levels of MDA may indicate that our body’s immune system is overburdened, striving to counteract the harm produced by an excess of free radicals.(1)
For that reason, the significance of monitoring MDA levels cannot be exaggerated. It offers a concise representation of an individual’s level of oxidative stress, providing vital insights into their general state of health. Getting a better understanding of MDA levels can help doctors formulate treatment plans that lower oxidative stress, lessen its effects, and eventually help patients improve.
To summarize, the measurement of MDA levels is of great significance as it enables us to get insights into the underlying issues occurring inside our bodies. They provide guidance on subsequent actions and contribute to maintaining our well-being and averting illnesses. By comprehending and effectively controlling MDA levels, we can significantly enhance both the duration and quality of people’s lives.
Methods and Treatment Options for Controlling MDA Levels
Understanding and controlling MDA levels is crucial for preserving well-being and halting the advancement of certain medical conditions. That said, various diagnostic and therapeutic methods are available to monitor and control MDA levels, such as:
Diagnostic Approaches
Blood Tests: The most straightforward approach to evaluate MDA levels is by doing blood tests, which quantify the concentration of MDA in the bloodstream. This offers a concise representation of the level of oxidative stress in the body during the testing period.
Imaging Techniques: Advanced imaging modalities can indirectly detect oxidative damage in tissues, which corresponds with MDA levels. Techniques such as MRI and PET scans facilitate the visualization of the effects of oxidative stress on organs.
Treatment Methods
Antioxidant Supplementation: Antioxidants have a critical function in neutralizing free radicals, hence lowering oxidative stress and MDA levels. Frequently, supplements such as vitamin C, vitamin E, and beta-carotene are advised.(2)
Lifestyle Changes: Lifestyle modifications, such as dietary changes and physical activity, have a substantial influence on the levels of MDA. Consuming a diet abundant in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, together with engaging in regular physical exercise, has the potential to reduce oxidative stress.
Pharmacological Treatments: Specific medications and treatments are formulated to decrease oxidative stress, thereby reducing levels of MDA. These include medications having antioxidant capabilities and treatments targeting the underlying causes of oxidative stress.
Cutting-Edge Therapies
D’OXYVA®: D’OXYVA (Deoxyhemoglobin Vasodilator) is a remarkable therapy that has a unique impact on MDA levels. It utilizes FDA-approved pharmaceutical CO2 to enhance circulation, especially in the microvascular system, and cellular oxygenation, rather than increasing CO2 levels in the blood or tissues. This novel approach aids in diminishing oxidative stress and, consequently, decreasing MDA levels. However, it is important to emphasize that D’OXYVA is not categorized as a CO2 therapy. Instead, it is classed as a distinctive treatment that employs supersaturated molecular CO2 in an innovative manner to promote Autonomic Nervous System balance, blood circulation and oxygen supply without raising CO2 levels in the body. This differentiation emphasizes D’OXYVA’s contribution in leading the way for innovative approaches to patient care and enhancement of health.
Now, let’s analyze the MDA clinical trial that D’OXYVA has participated in, specifically looking into its implementation in different medical environments and its use in addressing a wide range of medical concerns.
Overview of the MDA Clinical Trial with D’OXYVA
Having discussed the key elements of MDA levels, let us now go deeper into the continuing research of Malondialdehyde. The current clinical trial from the U.S. National Library of Medicine Clinical Trials investigates the role of transdermal CO2 on MDA level in patients. This research is key to understanding how oxidative stress affects our health, with MDA levels serving as an important marker in this study.
This study rigorously monitors the levels of MDA in patients both before and after the administration of particular medications, including the innovative D’OXYVA solution. D’OXYVA presents a distinctive method for improving health by employing non-invasive transdermal CO2, while avoiding any elevation in the body’s CO2 levels.
This clinical trial specifically focuses on investigating the impact of transdermal CO2 in reducing Ischemia Reperfusion Injury also known as IRI, a condition that occurs when blood flow is restored after a period of reduced blood supply. Specifically, the study analyzes the effects of transdermal CO2 with D’OXYVA during abdominal aortic temporary cross-clamping procedures performed during hysterectomies for placenta accreta.
During these procedures, ischemia is induced by temporarily stopping blood flow via aortic cross-clamping. When the clamp is removed, the previously deprived tissues undergo a rapid influx of blood, which may result in ischemia-reperfusion injury. This clinical trial is an experimental study that aims to examine the protective effects of transdermal CO2 against ischemia-reperfusion injury in patients undergoing the Abdominal Aorta Temporary Cross Clamp surgery. The individuals are divided into two groups for the study with the first group undergoing transdermal CO2 application, while the second group serves as a control group to determine the effects of this new therapeutic method on MDA levels and patient outcomes.(3)
Considering these factors, the clinical trial emphasizes the benefits of utilizing D’OXYVA, showcasing the superiority of this groundbreaking approach in comparison to conventional methods. Now, let’s go deeper into the intricacies of D’OXYVA and take a look at the distinguishing factors that make it unique.
What Is D’OXYVA?
D’OXYVA distinguishes itself in the field of medical treatments by adopting a unique approach that incorporates carbon dioxide also known as CO2 but deviates from conventional CO2 therapies.
D’OXYVA employs CO2 as an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) without causing an elevation in CO2 levels in the blood or tissues, in contrast to conventional methods. Instead, it utilizes the characteristics of CO2 to improve blood flow and oxygen levels, resulting in therapeutic advantages without the usual rise in CO2 levels.
D’OXYVA is distinguished from other CO2 treatments as a new and effective treatment, having received approval and clearance from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the world’s first cGMP-compliant mini gas cartridges. The patented technique focuses on enhancing blood flow and oxygen delivery to address different health issues, highlighting its distinct position in the therapeutic field. Although D’OXYVA utilizes CO2, it is not classified as a conventional CO2 therapy because of its distinct mechanism and advantages as a groundbreaking non-significant risk (NSR) non-invasive transdermal drug delivery system (NTDS).
How Does D’OXYVA Work and What Makes It Unique?
D’OXYVA functions based on an innovative premise that sets it apart from conventional medical therapies. While D’OXYVA is not considered a CO2 therapy, it utilizes CO2 as an active pharmaceutical ingredient, however not in the conventional manner. D’OXYVA utilizes CO2 to induce vasodilation and vasoconstriction, rather than elevating CO2 levels in the blood or tissues. This process entails the dilation of blood arteries, hence augmenting blood circulation and enhancing the supply of oxygen to tissues across the entire body. Enhanced circulation and oxygenation can greatly facilitate the healing process and alleviate symptoms associated with inadequate blood flow.
D’OXYVA sets itself apart with its distinctive delivery device and its basis in microcirculation and autonomic nervous system therapy. D’OXYVA improves microcirculation, which optimizes the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to cells and assists in eliminating toxins. This not only facilitates the process of healing and recuperation but also enhances general health and well-being.
D’OXYVA stands out due to its non-invasive administration device and the utilization of FDA-approved pharmaceutical-grade CO2. This therapy provides several health advantages without the typical disadvantages of elevated carbon dioxide levels within the body. This makes it a potential alternative for patients who are looking for non-traditional and successful treatment methods.
Discover the Science Behind D’OXYVA
D’OXYVA is leading the way in medical research and healthcare innovation, forging a route towards a healthier future. To find out more details on D’OXYVA and its revolutionary development around the world, please visit our website or contact our well-informed experts by giving us a call!
Bergin, P., Leggett, A., Cardwell, C.R. et al. The effects of vitamin E supplementation on malondialdehyde as a biomarker of oxidative stress in haemodialysis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Published April 9th, 2021. Referenced from: https://bmcnephrol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12882-021-02328-8
How Do You Boost Athletic Performance the Right Way?
In today’s world, technology and new training methods are helping athletes perform better than ever before. Professional athletes are constantly pushing the limits, inspiring others to do the same. But with so many strategies out there, it can be overwhelming to know where to start. This brief guide is here to help you figure out some of the most powerful ways to improve your training and athletic performance based on leading-edge science. We’ll keep it simple and give you practical tips to take your athletic journey to the next level without making things too complicated.
What is Athletic Performance?
Athletic performance refers to an individual’s ability to excel in various physical activities, sports, or competitions. It encompasses strength, speed, agility, endurance, flexibility, and coordination.
But how exactly do you measure your athletic performance?
It is typically evaluated across four primary dimensions: skill, strength, endurance, and recovery.
Skill
Skill encompasses the strategic thinking and execution required during athletic endeavors. A diverse skill set enables athletes to helm various challenges effectively.
Strength
Muscular strength forms the foundation of performance capabilities.
Endurance
Endurance signifies the ability to sustain physical exertion over extended periods without succumbing to fatigue.
Recovery
Recovery is the cornerstone of sustained performance excellence. It involves restoring physiological and psychological processes post-exertion. Recovery is important for athletes to remain primed for subsequent challenges.
How Improved Microcirculation and Nerve Functions Take Your Athletic Performance to the Next Level?
Peak athletic performance requires more than just physical training. Instead, it’s about optimizing the body’s internal processes to fuel endurance, speed, and recovery.
One key factor medical experts are becoming more aware of is microcirculation.(1)
During exercise, muscles need a constant supply of oxygen to produce energy and sustain performance. Efficient microcirculation, thus, ensures that oxygen-, and nutrient-rich blood reaches every part of the body, fueling muscles and enhancing endurance.(2) However, stress, poor diet, and a sedentary lifestyle can impair microcirculation, limiting athletic potential and delaying recovery.
For example, an innovative device for athletes, D’OXYVA® (deoxyhemoglobin vasodilator) works on the principle of using transdermal molecular CO2 administration that mimics high altitude training to improve capillary microcirculation in the body by an astonishing 300% from baseline measurements. This process brings balance (homeostasis) to the Autonomic Nervous System’s rest and digestive nerve (parasympathetic) functions and cardiovascular blood flow, ensuring efficient oxygen delivery to muscles and tissues during exercise.(3, 4)
Additionally, improved microcirculation throughout the body prevents the buildup of post-exercise wastes, like lactic acid, in the muscles. These wastes cause muscle soreness. Therefore, their efficient removal is incredibly important for peak muscle functioning.(5)
How Does it Work?
D’OXYVA® offers significant advantages for enhancing athletic performance through its innovative advanced topical delivery system. By facilitating higher oxygen unloading by hemoglobin, D’OXYVA effectively increases oxygen-rich blood flow within the local microcirculatory system. This enhanced blood perfusion and tissue oxygenation are crucial for optimizing athletic performance, as they support the efficient functioning of the heart, lungs, and muscles.
Furthermore, D’OXYVA improves the autonomic nervous system, which plays a key role in regulating heart rate variability (HRV). HRV, the variation in the time interval between consecutive heartbeats, is an indicator of overall health and fitness status. By promoting a balanced sympathetic and parasympathetic tone, it helps athletes achieve higher HRV levels, indicating greater resilience, flexibility, and stress resistance.
The benefits of Deoxyhemoglobin Vasodilator extend beyond improved blood circulation and HRV. It also enhances cellular detoxification, immune response, and cognitive performance, offering athletes a comprehensive approach to enhancing their physical and mental well-being.
Moreover, it’s non-invasive delivery method earned it an exceptional safety and efficacy track record and offers a convenient option for athletes seeking to optimize their performance without the risks associated with other interventions.
Benefits of D’OXYVA in a Nutshell
Enhanced Endurance: With a proven 97% improved blood circulation rate, D’OXYVA® enables athletes to push their limits and sustain high-intensity efforts for longer durations.
Quicker Recovery: Post-exercise recovery is essential for athletes to maintain peak performance. D’OXYVA facilitates faster recovery by delivering oxygen and nutrients to muscles, reducing soreness, and minimizing downtime between training sessions.
Improved Performance Metrics: Whether it’s running faster, lifting heavier weights, or achieving greater agility, D’OXYVA empowers athletes to excel in their chosen sport.
Injury Prevention: Strong microcirculation promotes tissue repair, reduces inflammation, and supports musculoskeletal health. It lowers the risk of injuries that can sideline athletes and hinder performance goals.
The bottom line is that ‘if you are looking for ways to level up the game of your athletic performance, D’OXYVA® has got you covered.’
Tips for Further Boosting Athletic Performance
1. Nutrition
Proper nutrition is paramount for achieving perfect athletic performance.
We believe that athletes must treat their bodies like high-performance machines. When you think like that, you will fuel your body with the right nutrients at the right times.
For example, breakfast sets the tone for the day. So, it requires a balance of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. The right combination fuels your muscles and provides sustained energy. Therefore, instead of simple sugars, you should go for complex carbohydrates. It ensures a steady supply of fuel and prevents energy crashes throughout the day.(6)
One more important aspect of nutrition for better athletic performance is understanding nutrients. Among macro-nutrients, there are fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. You must consume them according to your body composition and training requirements. Then, there are micro-nutrients, like vitamins and minerals. They are important for muscle building, immunity, and recovery.
If you are struggling with your nutrients, several brands, like Optimum Nutrition, offer supplements to meet your requirements.
You should also know that timing is everything.
Pre-workout meals rich in protein and complex carbs prepare the body for exertion. In comparison, post-workout meals replenish lost nutrients and aid muscle recovery.(7) So, both of these meals should be planned based on their purpose. Ideally, the 2:1 ratio of carbs to protein is a general guideline for refueling after exercise.(8)
2. Hydration
On average, you shed around 45 ounces of water per hour during an intense workout. You will be surprised to know that such a high amount is related to sweating and sweating alone.(9) So, it’s really important to drink enough water to stay hydrated.
As professional athlete Serge Ibaka aptly puts it, “I have to stay hydrated. It’s very important for anyone, but especially athletes! We sweat a lot, and we need it.”
If you don’t, you can get dehydrated fast. Dehydration can make you feel weak and confused. It can even be dangerous, causing things like loss of consciousness or heatstroke, especially when you are outside.
To prevent dehydration, athletes should drink 20 to 40 ounces of water per hour.(10) This is the minimum amount you need to sustain the highest levels of performance. Additionally, you should also drink enough water before and after the workout, too. Drinking enough water before exercise helps the body prepare for the workout. Drinking enough water afterward helps with recovery.
However, it’s important to strike a balance and avoid excessive water intake. Drinking water more than you need can lead to discomfort, bloating, and nausea during exercise.(11) It ultimately reduces your athletic performance rather than enhancing it. In simple words, by following the recommended guidelines for hydration:
Athletes can be at their best
Keep up their endurance
Reduce the chance of getting dehydrated
All this helps athletes perform at their fullest consistently.
3. Rest & Recovery
When your target is maximum athletic performance, rest and recovery are indispensable.
Let’s have a look at a broader image.
When you engage in physical activity, the body undergoes stress and strain. It disrupts your normal homeostasis. Therefore, you need recovery to restore equilibrium and repair damaged tissues. Both of these are important for achieving peak performance.
As Sage Rountree emphasizes in her book “The Athlete’s Guide to Recovery,” Remember, often doing less is more powerful than training more.
Rest is also important for preventing injuries when you’re recovering from exercise. When you work out, your muscles get tiny tears that help them grow stronger. However, these tears make your muscles more prone to injury.(12) Therefore, if you don’t give your muscles enough time to rest, they stay tired and can easily get overused. Ultimately, these lead to injuries.
Moreover, rest also helps your body refill its energy stores. When you exercise, your muscles use up much energy stored as glycogen.(13) Therefore, taking small breaks allows your body to replenish these reserves. This makes sure your muscles have enough fuel for your next workout.
In addition to taking time for sleep or rest, a few other things also add up to your recovery.
One important step is post-exercise stretching. Stretching aids in muscle cooling, preventing stiffness, and enhancing flexibility. It also promotes blood flow, facilitating the removal of toxins and supplying nutrients.(14)
Additionally, professional massages or foam rolling are effective recovery techniques. Massages reduce inflammation, realign muscle tissue, and enhance blood circulation, expediting recovery. Similarly, foam rolling targets specific muscle groups, alleviating tension and promoting flexibility.
4. Mental Health
They say, “Your mind is like your body’s strongest muscle,” which means it’s really powerful.
Playing sports isn’t just about being physically strong. It’s also about being mentally sharp. Think about games like football or soccer, where you have to make quick decisions. Being able to think fast can make the difference between winning and losing. So, training your brain is just as important as training your body.
Sports vision training tools, like Reflexion, help athletes get better at thinking. Moreover, athletes all over the world do mental exercises to make their minds stronger. Because they know it helps them perform better.
Also, taking care of your mental health is crucial for doing well in sports. Problems like stress, anxiety, or feeling down can mess with your sleep, focus, and energy levels. That’s not good for doing your best in sports.
Athletes also need to learn how to deal with mental health issues. They can use things like stress-relief techniques, staying mindful, and getting help from pros.(15) By focusing on mental health along with physical training, athletes can do their best in sports.
The Takeaway Message
You shouldn’t be over-complicating things related to your athletic performance. In fact, the most effective strategies are mostly the simpler ones. Some of the important ones are hydration status, nutrition profile, enough recovery, and, of course, your mental health.
Using these tips in your training routine forms a solid basis for improvement, whether you’re an athlete, coach, or gym trainer.
However, in the competitive world of sports, every advantage counts.
It helps you perform better, recover faster, and reach peak athletic performance. It does so by improving blood flow and oxygen delivery, leading to better results.
Try it for yourself to see the difference it makes in your sports journey.
References
Hendrickse P, Degens H. The role of the microcirculation in muscle function and plasticity. Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility. 2019;40(2):127-40.
Joyner MJ, Casey DP. Regulation of increased blood flow (hyperemia) to muscles during exercise: a hierarchy of competing physiological needs. Physiol Rev. 2015;95(2):549-601.
Oe K, Ueha T, Sakai Y, Niikura T, Lee SY, Koh A, et al. The effect of transcutaneous application of carbon dioxide (CO2) on skeletal muscle. Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 2011;407(1):148-52.
Ito T, Moore JI, Koss MC. Topical application of CO2 increases skin blood flow. Journal of investigative dermatology. 1989;93(2):259-62.
Hasson S, Barnes W, Hunter M, Williams J. Therapeutic effect of high speed voluntary muscle contractions on muscle soreness and muscle performance. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy. 1989;10(12):499-507.
Puddu PE, Menotti A. Simple versus complex carbohydrates and health: A frequently neglected problem. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. 2021;31(7):1949-52.
Haycock B. Pre-and Post-workout nutrition to maximize the training effect.
Carrithers JA, Williamson DL, Gallagher PM, Godard MP, Schulze KE, Trappe SW. Effects of postexercise carbohydrate-protein feedings on muscle glycogen restoration. Journal of Applied Physiology. 2000;88(6):1976-82.
Maughan R, Meyer N. Hydration during intense exercise training. Limits of Human Endurance. 76: Karger Publishers; 2013. p. 25-37.
Sedek R, Mohamad MM, Kasim ZM. Knowledge, attitudes and practices on hydration and fluid replacement among endurance sports athletes in National University of Malaysia (UKM). Pakistan Journal of Nutrition. 2015;14(10):658.
Latzka WA, Montain SJ. Water and electrolyte requirements for exercise. Clinics in sports medicine. 1999;18(3):513-24.
SIDAHMED N. Recovery of Performance Following Muscle Injury in Calisthenics Athletes.
Manolachi V. Carbohydrates Energy Reserves as a Factor of Recovery after Training and Competitive Efforts. Revista Românească pentru Educaţie Multidimensională. 2020;12(1):357-67.
Fritz S. Sports & exercise massage: comprehensive care in athletics, fitness, & rehabilitation: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2013.
Braatz LR. Promoting Wellness for College Athletes Through Mindfulness Meditation. 2021.
Fibromyalgia and Microvascular Dysfunction: A Deep Dive into the Connection (Part I)
Fibromyalgia and microvascular dysfunction are complex health conditions that have garnered increased attention in recent years. Fibromyalgia, characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and sleep disturbances, affects millions worldwide. On the other hand, microvascular dysfunction involves abnormalities in the small blood vessels, impacting the body’s circulatory system. Understanding the intricate relationship between these two conditions is crucial for developing effective treatment strategies and improving the quality of life for individuals grappling with fibromyalgia.
This blog post aims to unravel the connection between fibromyalgia and microvascular dysfunction. By delving into the existing research, exploring shared symptoms, and investigating potential physiological links, we hope to shed light on this intricate interplay. As we navigate through the realms of fibromyalgia and microvascular dysfunction, we will also explore the implications for treatment, offering insights into how addressing microvascular dysfunction may open new avenues for managing fibromyalgia symptoms effectively.
Understanding Fibromyalgia
Fibromyalgia stands as a challenging chronic pain disorder that extends beyond mere physical discomfort. Afflicting approximately 2-8% of the global population transcends demographics, impacting individuals of all ages, genders, and backgrounds [1]. The hallmark of fibromyalgia lies in its widespread musculoskeletal pain, often accompanied by heightened sensitivity to touch, fatigue, and sleep disturbances. Despite its prevalence, fibromyalgia’s exact etiology remains elusive, making diagnosis and treatment intricate tasks.
The symptoms of fibromyalgia can significantly impact daily life, leading to reduced functionality and a diminished quality of life for those affected. Studies have indicated that individuals with fibromyalgia may experience alterations in pain processing, amplifying sensations that would be non-painful for others. Beyond the physical toll, fibromyalgia can contribute to emotional distress and mental health challenges, creating a complex web of interconnected symptoms.
Risk factors for fibromyalgia include genetic predisposition, infections, physical or emotional trauma, and certain illnesses. The multifaceted nature of fibromyalgia necessitates a comprehensive approach to both understanding and managing the condition.
Microvascular Dysfunction Explained
Regarding fibromyalgia, attention has turned to the role of microvascular dysfunction, a condition affecting the small blood vessels throughout the body. These microscopic vessels, essential for delivering oxygen and nutrients to tissues, play a pivotal role in overall circulatory function. Microvascular dysfunction involves impaired regulation of these vessels, potentially compromising blood flow and nutrient supply.
Characterized by abnormal responses to stimuli, microvascular dysfunction manifests as a failure in the intricate dance of vasodilation and vasoconstriction, key mechanisms governing blood vessel size. This dysfunction contributes to reduced blood flow, impairing the ability of tissues to receive adequate oxygen and nutrients. Factors such as inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction have been implicated in the development of microvascular dysfunction.
This condition is not limited to a specific organ or system impacting various tissues throughout the body. Consequently, the consequences of microvascular dysfunction extend beyond localized symptoms, potentially affecting diverse physiological processes. Understanding the intricacies of microvascular dysfunction is pivotal as we explore its potential connections with fibromyalgia, offering a lens through which we can comprehend the broader physiological impact of these intertwined conditions.
The Link between Fibromyalgia and Microvascular Dysfunction
Scientific inquiry into the connection between fibromyalgia and microvascular dysfunction has gained momentum in recent years. Several studies have provided insights into the potential interplay between these conditions, offering a nuanced understanding of their shared features and physiological pathways.
A recent study explored the microvascular function in fibromyalgia patients, revealing altered blood flow responses compared to healthy individuals [2]. To assess microvascular function, the researchers employed non-invasive methods, such as laser Doppler flowmetry. Their findings suggested that fibromyalgia patients exhibited impaired microvascular responses, indicating potential dysregulation in blood flow regulation. This study underscores the relevance of microvascular dysfunction in the context of fibromyalgia.
Moreover, another investigation delved into the neurovascular aspects of fibromyalgia, shedding light on the potential involvement of small blood vessels in the disorder. The study utilized functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine brain responses to various stimuli, revealing altered cerebral blood flow patterns in fibromyalgia patients [3]. These findings hinted at the intricate relationship between neural and vascular components in fibromyalgia pathophysiology.
Shared symptoms further emphasize the potential connection between fibromyalgia and microvascular dysfunction. Both conditions exhibit fatigue, widespread pain, and sleep disturbances, suggesting a common impact on overall well-being. Additionally, the dysregulation of pain processing, a hallmark of fibromyalgia, may be influenced by altered blood flow patterns associated with microvascular dysfunction.
The potential mechanisms linking fibromyalgia and microvascular dysfunction extend beyond symptom similarities. It is hypothesized that chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction, commonly observed in microvascular dysfunction, could contribute to the pathogenesis of fibromyalgia. These intricate connections emphasize the need for a holistic understanding of fibromyalgia that encompasses not only neural aspects but also vascular components.
As researchers continue to unravel the complexities of fibromyalgia and microvascular dysfunction, the integration of multiple perspectives from both clinical and experimental studies is crucial for advancing our understanding of these intertwined conditions.
Implications for Fibromyalgia Treatment
Understanding the potential link between fibromyalgia and microvascular dysfunction opens new avenues for developing targeted and effective treatment strategies. The impact of microvascular dysfunction on fibromyalgia symptoms suggests that interventions aimed at improving blood flow and vascular function could play a pivotal role in managing this complex condition.
Microvascular dysfunction may contribute to the pain experienced by fibromyalgia patients by compromising the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to tissues. Addressing this aspect could involve interventions to enhance blood flow and optimize vascular function. Exercise, for example, has been shown to affect microvascular function positively. Recently, a study demonstrated that aerobic exercise improves endothelial function, a key component of microvascular health [4]. Incorporating regular, tailored exercise regimens into fibromyalgia management plans could have a positive impact on both microvascular function and overall symptomatology.
Furthermore, interventions targeting inflammation and oxidative stress, common features of microvascular dysfunction, may be beneficial for fibromyalgia patients. Antioxidant-rich diets, anti-inflammatory medications, and stress management techniques are potential components of a comprehensive treatment approach.
The importance of personalized treatment plans cannot be overstated in the context of fibromyalgia and microvascular dysfunction. Each individual may present unique combinations of symptoms and underlying factors contributing to their condition. Consequently, a multidisciplinary approach involving rheumatologists, neurologists, vascular specialists, and other healthcare professionals is essential for tailoring treatment plans to address each patient’s specific needs.
Conclusion
Scientific inquiry and clinical studies underscore the potential connection, offering insights that transcend conventional perspectives on fibromyalgia. Recognizing the role of microvascular dysfunction opens doors to novel treatment approaches, emphasizing the need for personalized, multidisciplinary strategies. As we navigate the complexities of these intertwined conditions, the evolving landscape of research points toward a future where a holistic understanding transforms how we approach fibromyalgia care. Through continued exploration and collaboration, we move closer to unlocking the mysteries and improving the lives of those affected by fibromyalgia.
References
Bhargava J, Hurley JA. Fibromyalgia. [Updated 2023 Jun 11]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK540974/
Elvin, A., Siösteen, A. K., Nilsson, A., & Kosek, E. (2006). Decreased muscle blood flow in fibromyalgia patients during standardised muscle exercise: a contrast media enhanced colour Doppler study. European journal of pain (London, England), 10(2), 137–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpain.2005.02.001
Mainguy Y. (2009). Functional magnetic resonance imagery (fMRI) in fibromyalgia and the response to milnacipran. Human psychopharmacology, 24 Suppl 1, S19–S23. https://doi.org/10.1002/hup.1028
Esen, E., & Çetin, A. (2017). Microvascular functions in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome: effects of physical exercise. Turkish journal of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 63(3), 215–223. https://doi.org/10.5606/tftrd.2017.351
Transdermal delivery refers to administering drugs or nutrients through the skin, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract and allowing for direct absorption into the bloodstream. This method involves the use of specially formulated patches or creams that contain the desired nutrients, which are then applied to the skin. The nutrients are absorbed through the skin and into the bloodstream, where they can be transported to target tissues and organs.
One of the key advantages of transdermal delivery over oral supplementation is its ability to bypass the first-pass metabolism, which occurs when drugs or nutrients are absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract and pass through the liver before entering the systemic circulation. This can result in higher bioavailability, as transdermal delivery allows for more direct and efficient absorption into the bloodstream[1].
The science behind transdermal absorption of nutrients is based on the skin’s unique properties. The skin comprises multiple layers, including the outermost layer, known as the stratum corneum, which acts as a barrier to protect the body from external substances. However, the stratum corneum also presents a challenge for nutrient absorption, as its structure and composition can limit the passage of molecules through the skin.
Several factors affect the transdermal absorption of nutrients, including the characteristics of the nutrient itself, the formulation of the transdermal product, and the skin condition. For example, the molecular size and lipophilicity of the nutrient can influence its ability to penetrate the skin barrier. The formulation of the transdermal product, such as the type of patch or cream used, can also impact the rate and extent of nutrient absorption. Additionally, the condition of the skin, including its hydration level and integrity, can affect the permeability of the skin barrier[2].
Nutrients for Transdermal Delivery
Transdermal delivery is effective for many nutrients, including vitamins, minerals, and other bioactive compounds. Some of the commonly used nutrients for transdermal delivery include:
Vitamins: Vitamins are essential for various physiological processes in the body and play important roles in maintaining overall health. Transdermal delivery of vitamins such as vitamin D has gained attention due to its potential benefits, especially for individuals with low vitamin D levels or limited sun exposure. Research has shown that transdermal vitamin D delivery can result in higher serum vitamin D levels compared to oral supplementation, indicating improved bioavailability[3].
Minerals: Minerals are essential for numerous physiological functions, including bone health, nerve function, and muscle contraction. Transdermal delivery of minerals such as magnesium has been explored as an alternative to oral supplementation, as magnesium deficiency is common and can be associated with various health issues. Studies have shown that transdermal magnesium delivery can increase magnesium levels in the blood and tissues, suggesting effective absorption through the skin[4].
Other bioactive compounds: Transdermal delivery has also been used for other bioactive compounds, such as CBD (cannabidiol), a non-psychoactive compound found in cannabis plants. CBD has gained attention for its potential health benefits, including anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anxiolytic properties. In addition, transdermal CBD delivery has been shown to provide localized effects, as the compound can penetrate the skin and interact with the endocannabinoid receptors in the skin without producing systemic effects[5].
The benefits of transdermal delivery for specific nutrients are supported by evidence-based research. For example, a randomized controlled trial by Knutsen et al. (2017) compared transdermal vitamin D delivery with oral supplementation in healthy adults and found that transdermal delivery resulted in higher serum vitamin D levels compared to oral supplementation[6]. Another study by Shechter et al. (2017) investigated transdermal magnesium delivery in patients with magnesium deficiency and found that transdermal magnesium significantly increased plasma magnesium levels compared to placebo, indicating effective absorption through the skin[7]. Additionally, Hammell et al. (2016) evaluated the transdermal delivery of CBD in patients with peripheral neuropathy. They found that transdermal CBD reduced pain and improved quality of life without producing systemic side effects[8].
Formulation Considerations for Transdermal Delivery
The formulation of transdermal products plays a critical role in the efficacy of nutrient delivery. Therefore, several factors should be considered when formulating transdermal products, including the choice of the delivery system, the type and concentration of nutrients, and the inclusion of penetration enhancers.
Delivery system
Transdermal products can be formulated as patches, creams, gels, or other topical formulations. Patches are commonly used for transdermal delivery as they provide a controlled release of nutrients over a specified period. Creams and gels can also be used but may require more frequent application. The choice of delivery system depends on the specific nutrient, the desired rate of absorption, and the intended application site.
Nutrient concentration
The nutrient concentration in the transdermal product is an important consideration, as it can impact the rate and extent of absorption. Too high of a concentration may result in skin irritation, while too low of a concentration may not provide sufficient therapeutic effects. The optimal nutrient concentration should be determined based on the specific nutrient, the intended use, and the desired therapeutic outcomes.
Penetration enhancers
Penetration enhancers are ingredients that can be included in the transdermal product to enhance the absorption of nutrients through the skin. These can include chemical enhancers, such as solvents or surfactants, or physical enhancers, such as micro- or nano-particles. Penetration enhancers can improve the permeability of the skin barrier and increase the bioavailability of nutrients. However, their use should be carefully evaluated for safety and efficacy, as some penetration enhancers may cause skin irritation or other adverse effects.
Transdermal Patches
Transdermal patches are thin, adhesive patches applied to the skin and slowly release nutrients into the bloodstream over a specified period. These patches have gained popularity due to their convenience, ease of use, and ability to provide a controlled and sustained release of nutrients. Transdermal patches can be used for various nutrients, including vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and other bioactive compounds.
Types of Transdermal Patches Available in the Market
Several types of transdermal patches are available in the market, each with unique properties and applications. Some common types of transdermal patches include reservoir patches, matrix patches, and drug-in-adhesive patches[2].
Reservoir patches: These patches consist of a backing layer, a drug reservoir, and an adhesive layer. The drug reservoir contains the nutrient dissolved or dispersed in a gel or liquid. The adhesive layer adheres the patch to the skin and controls the release of nutrients from the reservoir.
Matrix patches: These patches consist of a drug matrix, which is a solid or semisolid mixture of the nutrient and a polymer. The nutrient is released from the matrix by diffusion through the polymer.
Drug-in-adhesive patches: These patches consist of a drug dispersed in an adhesive matrix. The adhesive layer adheres the patch to the skin and controls the release of nutrients from the adhesive matrix.
Advantages of Transdermal Patches for Nutrient Delivery
Transdermal patches offer several advantages as a form of nutrient delivery:
1. Increased bioavailability and absorption
Transdermal patches allow for the direct absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream, bypassing the digestive system. This can result in higher bioavailability, as the nutrients are not subject to degradation by stomach acid or metabolism by the liver before reaching the systemic circulation.
2. Reduced gastrointestinal side effects
When taken orally, some nutrients can cause gastrointestinal side effects, such as upset stomach or nausea. Transdermal patches can avoid these side effects by delivering nutrients directly through the skin, bypassing the digestive system.
3. Enhanced patient compliance and adherence
Compliance and adherence to nutrient regimens can be challenging for some individuals, especially those with difficulty swallowing pills or a busy lifestyle. Transdermal patches can improve patient compliance as they provide a convenient and easy-to-use option for nutrient supplementation[9].
Limitations
However, transdermal patches also have some limitations:
1. Limited nutrient options
Not all nutrients are suitable for transdermal delivery due to their physicochemical properties, such as molecular size, lipophilicity, and charge. In addition, some nutrients may not be effectively absorbed through the skin, limiting the types of nutrients that can be delivered using transdermal patches.
2. Potential skin reactions and allergies
Some individuals may experience skin reactions or allergies to the adhesive or other components of the transdermal patch. In some cases, skin irritation, redness, itching, or rash may occur. Therefore, it is important to carefully monitor the skin for adverse reactions and discontinue use if any symptoms occur[10].
3. Dosing and application techniques
Proper dosing and application techniques are crucial for optimal results with transdermal patches. It is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer or healthcare professional to ensure the correct dosing and application of the patch. Applying the patch to clean, dry, and hairless skin in the recommended area is essential for optimal nutrient delivery[11].
Emerging Technologies for Transdermal Nutrient Delivery
In addition to traditional transdermal patches, several emerging technologies are being explored to enhance transdermal nutrient delivery:
Microneedle patches
Microneedle patches contain microscopic needles that penetrate the skin, creating tiny channels for nutrient delivery. These needles are painless and do not reach the nerve endings in the skin, making them a safe and effective option for delivering nutrients through the skin. Microneedle patches have shown promising results in improving the absorption of various nutrients, including vitamins, minerals, and peptides[12].
Iontophoresis
Iontophoresis involves using an electrical current to facilitate the movement of charged nutrients through the skin. This technique can enhance the absorption of certain nutrients, especially those that are charged and have difficulty crossing the skin barrier through passive diffusion. Iontophoresis has been studied for the delivery of various nutrients, including vitamins, antioxidants, and anti-inflammatory agents, and has shown a potential to improve the bioavailability of these nutrients[13].
Nanoemulsions
Nanoemulsions are emulsions containing tiny droplets of nutrients encapsulated in a lipid or water-based matrix. These droplets are nanosized, which allows for better penetration through the skin barrier and increased absorption of the encapsulated nutrients. Nanoemulsions have been investigated for transdermal delivery of various nutrients, including vitamins, antioxidants, and essential oils, and have shown promising results in improving the bioavailability of these nutrients[14].
Smart patches and wearable devices
Advancements in technology have led to the development of smart patches and wearable devices for transdermal nutrient delivery. These patches are equipped with sensors or microchips that can monitor various physiological parameters, such as temperature, humidity, and pH, and adjust the nutrient delivery accordingly. Smart patches and wearable devices offer the potential for personalized and adaptive nutrient delivery based on individual needs and real-time physiological data[15].
Nanotechnology and other cutting-edge approaches
Nanotechnology and other cutting-edge approaches, such as solid lipid nanoparticles, liposomes, and hydrogels, are being explored for transdermal nutrient delivery. These approaches aim to optimize the physicochemical properties of nutrients and their carriers to improve their penetration through the skin and enhance their bioavailability. These innovative technologies hold promise in revolutionizing transdermal nutrient delivery by overcoming some of the limitations of traditional transdermal patches[16].
Enhancing Perfusion: Transdermal CO2 Holds Promise
The article “Transdermal CO2 Increases Perfusion Index in Patients with Placenta Accreta Following Temporary Abdominal Aortic Cross-Clamping” discusses transdermal carbon dioxide (CO2) to improve perfusion index in patients with placenta accreta who have undergone temporary abdominal aortic cross-clamping[17]. Placenta accreta is a serious condition during pregnancy where the placenta attaches too deeply to the uterine wall.
The study suggests that transdermal CO2, a non-invasive method, may help enhance blood flow to the placenta and improve perfusion index, a measure of blood flow in peripheral tissues. This could have potential implications for managing placenta accreta and improving outcomes for affected patients. However, further research and clinical trials are needed to validate the findings and determine the safety and efficacy of this technology.
Safety and Considerations for Transdermal Nutrient Delivery
Transdermal nutrient delivery is generally considered safe, but there are some important considerations to keep in mind:
Safety profile compared to oral supplementation
Transdermal nutrient delivery is generally considered safe and well-tolerated. However, as with any form of nutrient supplementation, it is important to use transdermal patches as directed and consult with a healthcare professional before starting a new regimen. Healthcare professionals can provide personalized advice based on individual needs and health conditions.
Possible skin reactions and allergies
Some individuals may experience skin reactions or allergies to the adhesive or other components of the transdermal patch. Skin irritation, redness, itching, or rash at the application site are potential side effects of transdermal patches. If any skin reactions occur, it is important to discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional for further evaluation[18].
Importance of proper dosing and application techniques
Proper dosing and application techniques are crucial for optimal results with transdermal nutrient delivery. Following the manufacturer’s instructions on the patch packaging or as advised by a healthcare professional is essential to ensure the right amount of nutrients is delivered at the right rate. It is also important to rotate the application sites to avoid skin irritation or potential nutrient buildup in one area.
Monitoring for optimal results
Monitoring the response to transdermal nutrient delivery is important to assess its effectiveness. Regular evaluation of nutrient levels, symptom improvement, and overall health outcomes can help determine if the transdermal patch delivers the desired results. If needed, adjustments to the dosing or application technique can be made in consultation with a healthcare professional.
Consultation with healthcare professionals
It is important to consult with a healthcare professional, such as a physician or a registered dietitian, before starting any new nutrient delivery regimen, including transdermal patches. They can provide personalized advice based on individual health needs, medical history, and potential interactions with medications or other health conditions. Healthcare professionals can also monitor the response to transdermal nutrient delivery and make necessary adjustments for optimal results.
Conclusion
In conclusion, transdermal nutrient delivery offers numerous benefits and the potential to support health and wellness. It provides a convenient and non-invasive method of delivering essential nutrients through the skin, bypassing the digestive system and avoiding potential issues with absorption. Transdermal nutrient delivery can be especially beneficial for individuals with digestive disorders, malabsorption issues, or those who have difficulty swallowing oral supplements.
As the field of transdermal nutrient delivery continues to advance, there are exciting future directions and opportunities to explore. This includes the development of new technologies and formulations to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of transdermal nutrient delivery, as well as the exploration of new nutrients and their potential benefits for transdermal delivery.
References
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N’Da, D. (2014). Prodrug Strategies for Enhancing the Percutaneous Absorption of Drugs. Molecules, 19(12), pp.20780–20807. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules191220780.
Alsaqr, A., Rasoully, M. and Musteata, F.M. (2015). Investigating Transdermal Delivery of Vitamin D3. AAPS PharmSciTech, [online] 16(4), pp.963–972. doi:https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-015-0291-3.
Gröber, U., Werner, T., Vormann, J. and Kisters, K. (2017). Myth or Reality—Transdermal Magnesium? Nutrients, 9(8), p.813. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9080813.
Mahmoudinoodezh, H., Telukutla, S.R., Bhangu, S.K., Bachari, A., Cavalieri, F. and Mantri, N. (2022). The Transdermal Delivery of Therapeutic Cannabinoids. Pharmaceutics, [online] 14(2), p.438. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14020438.
Sadat-Ali, M., Bubshait, D.A., Al-Turki, H.A., Al-Dakheel, D.A. and Al-Olayani, W.S. (2014). Topical delivery of vitamin d3: a randomized controlled pilot study. International journal of biomedical science : IJBS, [online] 10(1), pp.21–4. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3976443/ [Accessed 12 Apr. 2023].
Kass, L., Rosanoff, A., Tanner, A., Sullivan, K., McAuley, W. and Plesset, M. (2017). Effect of transdermal magnesium cream on serum and urinary magnesium levels in humans: A pilot study. PLOS ONE, 12(4), p.e0174817. doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0174817.
Xu, D.H., Cullen, B.D., Tang, M. and Fang, Y. (2020). The Effectiveness of Topical Cannabidiol Oil in Symptomatic Relief of Peripheral Neuropathy of the Lower Extremities. Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 21(5), pp.390–402. doi:https://doi.org/10.2174/1389201020666191202111534.
Grammatikopoulou, M.G., Gkiouras, K., Dardiotis, E., Zafiriou, E., Tsigalou, C. and Bogdanos, D.P. (2021). Peeking into the future: Transdermal patches for the delivery of micronutrient supplements. Metabolism Open, 11, p.100109. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metop.2021.100109.
Ale, I., Lachapelle, J.-M. and Maibach, H.I. (2009). Skin tolerability associated with transdermal drug delivery systems: an overview. Advances in Therapy, 26(10), pp.920–935. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12325-009-0075-9.
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Aside from burning fat or getting a great chest workout, improving range of motion remains one of the most popular fitness goals. We’d all like to be a little more limber and flexible, regardless of whether or not we’re athletes looking to maximize performance. This rings particularly true for those of us sequestered to long days at our home office, working remotely and trading our daily commutes and step counts of years past for something a little more solitary.
Mobility — your joints’ ability to traverse their range of motion without any issues — is critical to our overall physical health. Mobility exercises help reduce injuries, limit pain and improve posture and balance.
“This is incredibly important because it helps combat imbalances that lead to compensations, which will eventually result in injury,” said Sam Moses, a Certified Personal Trainer based in Colorado and one of our go-to mobility experts. “By freeing up range of motion, a joint can move without limitations, which prevents neighboring joints from having to compensate.”
And again, while weightlifters need to avoid injury by incorporating mobility exercises into their training regimen, you don’t need to be a gym rat to want to reap those benefits. We can all get on board with protecting the health of your joints.
“Plenty of research has validated rolling and stretching’s ability to help athletes or average Joes get back to 100% quicker as well as reduce the subsequent soreness they feel after exercise,” Moses said. “In short, mobility drills are a fantastic tool to help our body maintain balance and hurt less.”
From a general perspective, yoga and dynamic stretching are great ways to boost mobility and flexibility in your entire body. But for this article, we’ll focus on four body parts that often lack mobility: the thoracic spine, shoulders, hips and ankles.
Make sure to proceed with caution as you begin many mobility exercises. Your joints are fragile, after all, and any movements design to test the limits of your range of motion can be harmful if performed improperly. Take your time, ease into it and know your limits.
And while most mobility exercises are generally equipment-free, a few pieces of gear can make the experience more comfortable — which we’ve sourced at the bottom of the article. You’ll be loose and limber in no time.
1. Thoracic Spine Mobility Exercises
The thoracic spine sits in the upper part of your back and is responsible for movements like bending over. It’s also directly linked to your posture — bad posture can lead to serious problems in your spine’s thoracic region. Because it’s so integral to your torso’s movement, keeping your spine healthy is critical. Several simple mobility exercises for your thoracic spine require no equipment, many of which you can find in the video below. One of our favorites is called kneeling rotations, which offer an excellent stretch for your thoracic spine that you can knock out anywhere.
Instructions: Place both knees on a hard, comfortable surface and sit back, so your butt rests on your heels, which helps lock your lumbar spine in place. Place one elbow on the ground in front of your knee, with your forearm and hand extended to create a 90-degree angle at your elbow. With the opposite hand resting behind your head, begin with that elbow hovering above the ground. Rotate your torso upwards until you feel a stretch. Pause, then return to the starting position. Repeat on each side. You can also perform this mobility exercise with your torso at more of a 45-degree angle with the floor.
2. Shoulder Mobility Exercises
Any dude who’s spent a ton of time bulking up knows how easy it is to lose shoulder mobility. You can test your shoulder mobility by trying to touch your hands behind your back, with one arm behind your head and the other behind your hip reaching upward. Suppose you’re having trouble lacing your fingers, let alone touching them at all. In that case, you should probably work on your shoulder mobility, which is a crucial factor in lifts like the bench press or even simple daily movements like reaching to grab a book from the top shelf. Most mobility exercises serve as both a test and exercise, a movement that indicates your level of mobility while working to improve it. This shoulder exercise is a great example and is as easy as they come.
Instructions: Stand up straight with your arms at your sides and your palms facing inward. Slowly raise one hand in front of your body with your arm extended, rotating the arm upwards until it’s perpendicular to the ground, making sure to keep that palm facing toward your body. When you get to the top, reach a little higher, rotate your palm outward and move your arm behind your body, trying to keep it in the same plane of rotation. You lack mobility if you feel the arm moving away from your body a lot (a little is normal). An excellent way to test this is by doing this mobility exercise close to a wall. Once your arm rotates past your body, try to keep it from hitting the wall as you increase your mobility.
3. Hip Mobility Exercise — 90/90 Stretch
Hip tightness or a lack of hip mobility is one of the most common mobility complaints you’ll hear. This is undoubtedly affected by a sedentary lifestyle, as sitting for prolonged periods can tighten and shorten the tendons of the hips and the muscles surrounding them. This mainly affects athletes, as a lack of mobility in the hips is killer for anything from squats and deadlifts to explosive interval training and distance running. If there’s one area to focus on, it’s your hips.
Instructions: The 90/90 stretch, as the name would indicate, involves rotating your legs back and forth as they create 90-degree angles at your knees. Begin by sitting with your legs just outside shoulder width and your knees. You can place your hands behind your back on the ground for support. Drop both legs to one side, letting them fall into 90-degree angles. You should feel a strong stretch in your hips. Shift your legs to the other side of your body to complete one rep. You can hold the position or lean into the stretch for a more intense sensation.
4. Ankle Mobility Exercise
For all its calorie-burning prowess, running can wreak havoc on your joints, particularly your ankles. Mobility in the ankles is key to getting the most out of your runs while avoiding injury. The exercise below incorporates ankle dorsiflexion, or the ankle’s ability to bend and contract, drawing the toes back toward the shins. It also features a resistance band, which we’ve linked to in the next section.
Instructions: Secure a resistance band behind your body and wrap one end around your foot, so it sits at the bottom of the ankle. Place that foot flat on a raised surface — like a box, chair or low table — so your knee creates a 90-degree angle, and your thigh sits parallel to the floor. Shift your body forward so your knee extends beyond your toes, leaning into the resistance so you feel a stretch in the ankle. You can continue moving forward further as your mobility increases.
5. Knee Mobility Exercise
This one comes courtesy of Sam Moses over at Tribe Fitness in Mead, Colorado. He creates mobility “sequences” to target joints, meaning he couples a foam rolling drill to soothe the adjacent muscle with a corresponding stretch to double down on the process and regain range of motion. This one is great for loosening up the knee joint by simultaneously erasing tensioning in the quads.
Instructions: For part one of the sequence, lay on your stomach and use a triggered foam roller to loosen up the muscles in your quad, using slow motions to locate particularly sensitive areas. Part two of the sequence is best understood visually, so check out the video below for Moses’ demonstration.
The latest software upgrade for the Apple Watch, WatchOS 9, offers new health-related features.
The new features include improved sleep monitoring, a medication management app, and enhanced heartbeat tracking for people living with atrial fibrillation (AFib).
WatchOS 9 will be released to the public later this fall.
This week Apple previewed WatchOS 9, the latest software upgrade for the Apple Watch.
This release adds several features, including better sleep monitoring, a medications management app and a heartbeat tracking tool for people diagnosed with atrial fibrillation (AFib).
The announcement highlights Apple’s commitment to expanding the health and fitness uses of the Apple Watch.
The sleep-tracking feature puts the company in the same league as competitors such as Fitbit and Oura, while the medication and AFib tools expand Apple’s embrace of patient-centered health monitoring.
Here’s a run-down of these new health features.
For people with multiple health conditions, taking medications regularly can be a challenge, one that can negatively impact their quality of life and health outcomes.
One study estimated that between 44 percent and 76 percent of people with multiple chronic conditions did not take their medications as prescribed, although other researchTrusted Source has found lower rates of medication non-adherence.
While concerns about drug costsTrusted Source drive many people to skip doses or cut pills in half to stretch their supply, sometimes people just have a hard time sticking to their medication schedule.
WatchOS 9 attempts to make it easier for you to take your medications — or vitamins and supplements — on time by allowing you to create schedules and set reminders.
Alison Phillips, PhD, an associate professor of behavioral medicine and director of the Healthy Habits Lab at Iowa State University, thinks this feature might help some people stay on track.
“Since forgetting to take one’s medications is a major reason for non-adherence, reminders can certainly help people to adhere better,” she said.
Some research shows that people who use mobile apps to remind themselves to take their medications on a schedule seem to do better, although it’s not clear how well people do over the longer term.
A device can certainly help you remember to take your medications regularly, but Phillips said for this feature to work, you need to have your device with you at the right time.
In addition, people can become reliant on the device for the “habit” cue, she said. If they lose the device or it breaks, they may lose the habit.
“This is why I prefer technology to be used in the short-term, to help individuals set up a self-sustaining habit — a habit that relies on the individual’s regular environment,” she said.
People in her studies have done better when tying their medication or other habits to their morning or evening routines because those routines happen each day.
In addition to enabling people to set up medication schedules and reminders, WatchOS 9 will also flag potential drug interactions. While a person’s pharmacy should catch these, the Apple Watch adds another layer of safety for people taking multiple medications.
One of the most ambitious clinical aspects of WatchOS 9 is the AFib History, which estimates how often your heart is in atrial fibrillation, or AFib.
This condition happens when the upper and lower chambers of the heart are not in sync, which causes the heart to beat too quickly, too slowly or irregularly.
When AFib History is turned on, the Apple Watch will use its heart monitoring capabilities to estimate how often your heart is in atrial fibrillation.
A summary of this data can be downloaded as a PDF and shared with your doctor. This feature is intended for use by people with diagnosed atrial fibrillation.
Last week, the Food and Drug Administration cleared the AFib History feature of WatchOS 9 for use with the Apple Watch and the iPhone Health app.
Researchers outside of Apple are also developing ways to use data from the Apple Watch to monitor other heart-related conditions.
A recent study by Mayo Clinic researchers, presented May 1 at the Heart Rhythm Society conference, found that data collected by the watch could be used to detect left ventricular dysfunction — a weak heart pump — regardless of where patients live.
“Advanced diagnostics that once required travel to a clinic can be accurately done, as this Apple Watch ECG study demonstrates, from a patient’s wrist whether they live in Brazil or Baton Rouge,” Dr. Bradley Leibovich, medical director of Mayo Clinic’s Center for Digital Health, said in a news release.
“App-based access to a medical center can help address health disparities by making high-level diagnostics accessible to more people in real-time,” he added.
Apple has also improved the Apple Watch’s sleep analysis capabilities by adding “Sleep Stages” to WatchOS 9.
The watch uses signals from the accelerometer and heart rate sensor to tell how much time you have spent in REM, core, or deep sleep stages.
This data syncs with the Health app on the iPhone, which allows you to see charts of your sleep alongside data on your heart rate and respiratory rate, also captured by the Apple Watch.
In addition to these health-related features, WatchOS 9 adds new statistics to help runners track their performance and reduce their risk of injury, including stride length, power, and segments and splits.
The watch update will also offer four new watch faces, support for new keyboard languages, less distracting notifications, and redesigned apps.
WatchOS 9 is available now on Apple Watch Series 4 and later as a developer beta, and as a public beta in July. WatchOS 9 will be available as a free upgrade in the fall.
Dr. Gottmann studied over 3,000 married couples. What he learned can improve your relationship drastically.
Since 1970 he debunks common relationship myths. For example, he disagrees that active listening is key to happy ones. Within 3 minutes, he can reveal if a couple gets divorced. By watching a one-hour-long discussion, he can even predict with 95% accuracy if they’ll still be married 15 years later.
Sounds insane? It is. Gottman says it takes him 28 hours to analyze one hour of videotape.
What follows summarizes his 8 key findings; knowing them will help you make better decisions in your romantic relationships.
Happy Couples Don’t Practice Active Listening
Whilst therapists dwell on the power of active listening, Gottman’s research found different: Those who practiced active listening weren’t able to diminish their problems. Only a small group managed to practice with success but relapsed after a year.
Why? Active listening means constantly checking if one partner has truly understood the other, by paraphrasing and repeating what the speaker has said.
A: I get angry when I cook dinner and you come home late from work.
B: Did I understand correctly that you get angry when you prepared dinner but I arrive home late from work?
In theory, this model sounds promising. In reality, it often leads to awkwardly stilted and therapist-like conversations. In his lab, Gottman found that happy couples don’t practice traditional active listening.
Instead, they make use of a lot of “positive affect”. For example, when an issue arises, they show affection like gentle physical touch or holding the other person’s hand. Other than just paraphrasing, they show genuine empathy by acknowledging the other’s feelings and truly apologizing if they felt they did wrong.
Happy Couples Fight
“Happy couples don’t fight” is a belief you hear often. Yet, Gottman found that fighting is not a predictor of divorce. He even claims successful relationships incorporate fights just as much as unhappy ones.
In his book “Decoding Love”, Andrew Trees summarizes Gottman’s findings on this:
“Arguing regularly is healthier than never fighting, so couples who fight less are also less satisfied over time. The problem for non-fighting couples is that, by never fighting, they let things build up too much — way too much.”
The average couple waits 6 years before seeking professional help. That’s a lot of time to build up unhappiness and anger if you never talk about what bothers you.
Don’t avoid conflict and disagreement, they are part of every relationship. But if you’re unhappy seek help rather sooner than later. The earlier you are in your problem, the easier it will be to resolve it. For example, you can write a letter about what bothers you to your partner if speaking up is difficult for you. Also, couple counseling provides a safe space to be guided through your disagreements.
Happy Couples Start Fights Peacefully
According to Gottman, there are 3 key factors at the start of any discussion that differentiate happy couples from unhappy ones:
Tone of voice
Is the conversation opener harsh or soft? Research shows, in 80% of the time women bring up issues in heterosexual relationships. Thus, they carry a big responsibility for how the rest of the conversation goes. Happy couples start discussions in a calm way, not with a harsh tone of voice.
Level of complaint
Is the complaint specific or something that relates to the character of the person? Successful couples bring up a specific incidence like “Yesterday, when I came home from work, dirty dishes were left in the kitchen.” Unhappy couples insult the person in general: “You are so lazy — you can’t even bother to wash the dishes”.
Partner’s First Reaction
Once it’s the partner’s turn, it’s crucial how they react. Are they open to suggestions? Do they keep calm or do they get defensive? Happy couples manage to stay calm. Those who get defensive have a higher chance of getting divorced.
Happy Couples Disrupt Their Arguments
Gottman slams another approach: in traditional couple’s therapy, the uncomfortable person is forced to endure this feeling during an argument.
He found that happy couples don’t follow this method. In fact, they interrupt their arguments in all sorts of ways: some tell jokes, others talk about something irrelevant for a while.
RELATED: How To Save Your Marriage When You’re Worried Your Relationship Is Headed For Divorce
What’s essential is that they don’t let their arguments escalate. Gottman has a solid explanation for this: he measured couples’ heart rates during fights. Once an argument escalates, the person’s heart rate goes above a hundred, and they can’t argue rationally anymore. In short: they completely lose it.
By disrupting their arguments, happy couples counteract this pitfall: they get a chance to breathe and keep their bodies from reaching this breaking point.
One technique is to make up a code word — something funny like “Hullaballoo” or “Bumfuzzle”. If one person says it, it’s time to go to different rooms/outside and take a few breaths. Only come back to the argument when you have recharged. Another method is to buy a yellow and red soccer referee card.
Put them where you most regularly fight. Once an argument gets heated, showing the yellow card means “we can go on but let’s lower our voices a bit”. Red means “Stop, let’s disrupt the argument and come back later”.
Happy Couples Don’t Resolve Their Problems
Here’s some good news: Failure to resolve conflicts is not necessarily a sign of a bad relationship.
Of the 3,000 examined couples, Gottman found a whopping 69% never resolve their conflicts. Yes, never. Indeed, most of them fight about the same old things like money, division of labor, or children. So, if you also rediscuss the same issues with your partner, it’s normal and you’re not set up for relationship failure.
What matters is not whether you find solutions to your issues but how you talk about them. As mentioned above, happy couples disrupt their arguments and stay calm. Issues like “You never wash the dishes” never become “You’re a bad person”.
Happy Couples Have a 5:1 Ratio of Positive to Negative Comments
Gottman found that the most successful couples make 5 positive comments for every negative comment. Even when they fight.
Contrarily, unhappy couples don’t even manage to say one positive thing for every negative.
You might ask yourself now: How do you maintain a 5:1 positive ratio during a discussion with your partner?
Andrew Trees summarizes Gottman’s answer to that:
“The key is that happy couples never go for broke in an argument. They never find themselves in that fatal position when each partner is simply trying to wound the other because of how angry he or she is.
A woman in a happy couple will say “I appreciate how hard you work at the office, but I still think I deserve more help at home” rather than “You never help me at home, and you don’t even make enough money so that we can afford a cleaning lady.”
Doing “a Favor for a Favor” Makes Things Worse
Have you ever done something nice for someone without truly expecting anything in return? Remember that warm feeling you got?
Well, unfortunately, that feeling gets lost if you practice the “if your partner does something nice for you, do something nice back” method. According to Gottman’s research, this approach even harms relationships.
Why?
Couples no longer felt any pleasure in giving as it has become part of an explicit exchange. As a result, it didn’t feel like giving at all.
According to Andrew Trees, if you want that warm feeling back, don’t ask your partner what they can do for you, but what you can do for them.
Happy Couples Pay Attention to Their Partner in Daily Life
Every day, there are key moments when your partner asks for your interest in something. It’s nothing big: figuring out what to eat for dinner, a problem at work, or what to wear for the next conference.
Successful couples understand the importance of this: they respond positively to those moments and develop a pattern of showing regular interest. Unhappy couples ignore each other. That in turn becomes a fatal habit.
If you want to improve your relationship, pay better attention to the small things your partner mentions. Answer their questions and engage in conversations with them instead of scrolling through your phone or ignoring their approach. It doesn’t require much effort, but it’ll make a big change in the long term.
Final Thoughts
Gottman’s research with 3,000+ couples doesn’t lie. His findings have become common relationship knowledge that experts like Esther Perel often refer to.
If there’s one learning you can take away from his expertise, it’s this: Happy couples talk about their concerns often, but they do so in a respectful way. It’s not about why you fight, but how you fight.
